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Endometriosis is an inflammatory disease that resembles endometrial tissue when examined under a microscope. Endometriosis tissue contains endometrial glands and stroma but that are the only similarities it shares with normal endometrium. The endometrium is the inner layer of the uterus that is shed off when a woman gets her period. Endometriosis may grow anywhere in the body but is most commonly seen around the ovaries, peritoneum, ligaments of the uterus, and gastrointestinal system It is a multisystemic disease and is not just limited to the genito-urinary system. Estrogen hormones which are secreted when a woman starts menstruating cause endometriosis to grow and invade body tissues resulting in painful adhesions, scarification, and disruption of other organ systems. Tissue growing into the rectum and bowel produces constipation or diarrhea, if it grows into the ovary or tubes it causes infertility, if it grows within the vagina and the back of the uterus it causes painful sexual intercourse and also produces inflammatory processes causing generalized abdominal pain and bloating. The disease grows like cancer and pulls everything toward it causing the entrapment of nerves and producing new blood vessels. This causes sequelae depending on what nerves and vessels are impacted ranging anywhere from sexual function to altered urinary function and/or bowel functions.
There are many theories as to what causes endometriosis. Unfortunately, none of these theories have been extensively proven. The most popular theory of retrograde menstruation propagated by Sampson is still being touted as the most likely cause of endometriosis today, even though there is large evidence to the contrary. Unfortunately, medical syllabi do not undergo timely upgrades, unlike our smartphones. Sampson’s theory of retrograde menstruation states that During menstruation, pieces of endometrium arrive in the abdominal cavity through the Fallopian tubes, adhere to the peritoneal lining, and develop into endometriotic lesions. For over 8 decades now people have wrongly believed that endometriosis consists of the endometrial lining of the uterus. It has low and varying levels of hormone receptors compared to native endometrial tissue and behaves differently than native endometrium. Metaplasia means to change from one normal type of tissue to another normal type of tissue. It has been proposed by some that endometrial tissue has the ability in some cases to replace other types of tissues outside the uterus. Some researchers believe this happens in the embryo when the uterus is first forming. Others believe that some adult cells retain the ability they had in the embryonic stage to transform into reproductive tissue. The most plausible theory with what knowledge we have today is Mülleriosis, the current best-fit model of the origin of endometriosis refers to a developmental defect in the differentiation or migration of any cellular component of the müllerian duct system during embryonic development.
Your period started at a young age, You never had children, Have some other associated disease conditions like fibroids, abnormal shaped uterus etc., Have sister or mother with endometriosis.
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